On Sat, 12 Jul 2003 00:06:29 +0200, "Tomas Christiansen"
<toc-01-nospam@blikroer.dk> wrote:
>Jeg har ladet mig fortælle at kulilte (CO) i meget høje koncentrationer er
>[citat] "øjeblikkelig dræbende", men kan ikke umiddelbart se det
>dokumenteret nogen steder, og synes ikke det passer helt ind i min
>(mangelfulde) viden om kulilte, hvor jeg gik og troede at det "eneste"
>farlige ved kulilte var, at det fortrænger ilten i organismen, dvs. ikke
>"øjeblikkelig" død.
>
>Nogen som har lidt facts om emnet?
Tja, selvom det måske ikke lige besvarer dit spørgsmål, er det nok
værd af nævne at Kervran i 1955 gjorde nogle meget interessante
opdagelser omkring kulilteforgiftning. Man havde i flere forskellige
sammenhænge være ude for at svejsere døde af kulilteforgiftning til
trods for at det var umuligt at konstatere nogen tilstedeværelse af
kulilte der hvor de arbejdede, og Kervran blev sat til at undersøge
sagen.
Opdagelserne ledte ham til opdagelsen af et helt nyt princip inden for
kemien, kaldet "biologisk transmutation". Dvs. levende organismer er i
stand til at forvandle grundstoffer til andre grundstoffer, gennem et
hidtil ukendt princip der inkluderer omrokeringer i atomernes
nukleoner. Dette princip kan desuden fuldtud forklare forskellige
anormale fænomener i naturen, som hidtil havde været umulige at
forklare via kendte kemiske principper. Kervran og andre lavede
efterfølgende gennem en årrække tusindvis af forskellige
eksperimenter, der alle bekræftede teorien.
Desværre er dette særdeles revolutionerende princip aldrig blevet
alment anerkendt inden for videnskaben, på trods af overvældende
logisk såvel som eksperimentel evidens. Sikkert fordi det er for
revolutionerende og kontroversielt, og måske også fordi det giver
grund til at tro at de gamle alkymister, som ofte er blevet
latterliggjort af den moderne videnskab som naive tåber, måske
alligevel havde fat i noget. Som Planck sagde: "A new scientific truth
does not triumph by convincing its opponents and making them see the
light, but rather, because its opponents eventually die and a new
generation grows up that is familiar with it."
Anyway, her er et uddrag fra afsnittet om kulilte, fra Kervrans bog
"Biological Transmutations". Der er links til hele kapitlet og til en
gennemgang af hele teorien nedenfor:
"In 1935 I made an observation which left me puzzled. A case of fatal
poisoning of a welder had occurred, and my duties obliged me to take
charge of the inquiry into the accident. This was carried out with the
aim of determining the causes of the accident and preventing any
recurrence. I could find no evidence to show where the carbon monoxide
had originated.
On several subsequent occasions, similar accidents occurred, and at no
time could I trace the source of the carbon monoxide which was
supposed to have been inhaled. Because of my insufficient knowledge, I
was forced to admit my ignorance of the exact causes of the accidents,
but the facts remained subconsciously in my mind.
It was only in 1955 that it dawned upon me what had happened. In that
year, in one district of Paris, three welders using blow-pipes had
died in a period of several months. My collaborator E.P., responsible
for safety conditions of workers in the particular district, had given
me detailed reports. These, along with the autopsy findings from the
public Prosecutor's office, made it quite plain that the welders (all
three were oxygen-blowpipe cutters) had died from
carboxyhaemoglobinaemia (carbon monoxide poisoning) and not from
nitrous oxide poisoning. In samples of the air taken from the
work-places, there was no evidence of a dangerous carbon monoxide
content.
It was decided, in collaboration with factory doctors of the firms
where the victims had worked, to take blood samples from fellow
workers even though the men were apparently in good health. The
samples showed that those doing the same work as the victims were
seriously afflicted with chronic carboxyhaemoglobinaemia, some to a
degree approaching that of the fatal cases.
I decided to make a more extensive inquiry which, in fact, lasted for
four years. Cases of carbon monoxide poisoning were continually
occurring during this particular welding operation, but analyses of
samples of air taken near the nose and mouth of the workers always
showed that no carbon monoxide was being inhaled.
When my collaborator told me the results of his first investigations,
he wrote saying that he hesitated to report such contradictions. He
did not want to say that the workers were poisoned by carbon monoxide
and to say, at the same time, that they had not breathed in any of the
gas. If this were in the report, he could imagine the smile on the
listener's face, a doctor perhaps, and one would be taken for a fool.
He had no wish to send in reports which would only be received with a
shrug of the shoulders and might well compromise his career.
I told him that on the contrary I had had similar findings over the
last twenty years. I said it would be useful if he continued his
inquiry and gave me figures of the carbon monoxide content in the
workmen's blood and in the air around them. I also told him that I
attached a great deal of importance to his reports; they would be
carefully studied and not just filed away to end up as material for
statistics.
In fact the three fatal accidents of 1955 had led me to a hypothesis
which I had to verify. As the blood contains carbon monoxide without
any having been inhaled, if there is an undetected source of this
toxic gas, it would be found in samples taken in the proximity of the
respiratory organs, thus carbon monoxide would be produced within the
body - but from what?
The other important observation was that the most serious cases of
poisoning occurred in men using oxygen flame cutters. The blowpipe
itself was not responsible: combustion here produces carbon dioxide
because there is an oxygen intake which burns up completely. Then
there was the indisputable fact that carbon monoxide did not enter the
breathing passages, but that the workers bent over the metal as they
cut it, and the powerful flame jet made a large area of the surface
incandescent.
Therefore, it was my opinion that the air, having been in contact with
the incandescent metal, had become "activated". When the air was
breathed in, it provoked a formation of carbon monoxide in the blood
at the lungs level.
In order to confirm my supposition, an investigation was carried out
in workshops where metals were heated to incandescence, which thus
formed large surfaces in contact with the air breathed in. The result
was the same even when heating was by electricity (resistance or
induction); the workers were impregnated with carbon monoxide. This
was confirmed by enlisting the help of several official laboratories
in order to vary investigators and analytical methods. A continuous
automatic recording instrument used in the investigation was allowed
to run day and night.
A control experiment was made with the welders themselves. They were
asked to wear a sand blaster's safety helmet, which has an air tube at
the back of the neck. The tube was not attached to a compressor, but
allowed to hang down so that the workers breathed in the air behind
them. In a short time the incidence of carbon monoxide poisoning had
markedly decreased. Therefore the source of the trouble had been the
air striking the incandescent metal. Furthermore, a man standing
beside the welders, but not leaning over the glowing metal, was
unaffected.
As a result, the prevention of such accidents followed. All that was
needed was to give the workmen an upward current of fresh air to
counteract the air rising from the incandescent metal. A system of
ventilation which sucked up the air would have on the contrary a
noxious effect.
Chemically there was nothing abnormal about the air in question which
had always been a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen. Since carbon
monoxide is composed of carbon and oxygen, I was led to consider the
possibility of a transmutation of nitrogen into carbon. I was told
this was "revolutionary" or "impossible", but I had already made other
observations, to which I shall refer later, which had led me to
believe that it might not be absurd to think in this manner, in spite
of established science. I immediately realised that such an idea would
furnish a clear explanation of certain mysteries which my subconscious
mind still retained.
I then did some reading to find out if similar observations had been
recorded, and I discovered some interesting documents. I found reports
from a number of countries of cases of carbon monoxide poisoning among
blowpipe operators working on sheet metal (welding, oxy-cutting, sheet
metal shaping which the blowpipe brings to red-heat). Samples of air
had been taken which showed no noxious level of carbon monoxide.
This was astonishing because of the apparent contradiction. The
English, and especially the Germans, had gone to great lengths to
discover the cause of these accidents. The Germans had built a sealed
chamber of 100 cubic metres capacity, in which powerful blowpipes
heated metal red hot, but their measuring instruments recorded no
trace of carbon monoxide after several hours. The experiments in
England were made inside a closed hangar of an aircraft-carrier and
confirmed the German result.
As this phenomenon occurred in the working of ferrous metal, and in
view of the negative results obtained in the above experiments, the
European Coal and Steel Community, with its vast financial resources,
decided to undertake an investigation. This was also a failure and the
medical director of the investigation, in which doctors and chemists
cooperated, had to announce that the chemists were unable to detect
traces of carbon monoxide in the air, but that it was present in the
blood. The investigator was doubly at fault: first, because he
admitted, in effect, that chemistry, alone, was tied to biology; and
secondly, his verdict was unfair to the chemists. They could not find
carbon monoxide which did not exist in the breathed-in air, but the
doctors found it in the blood by chemical methods (physical methods
could also have been used, and applied to the breathed-in air.) The
techniques, therefore, were not to blame."
http://5-dimension.org/members/kervran/BT-what_are.pdf
http://5-dimension.org/members/kervran/BT-ch2.pdf
http://5-dimension.org/members/kervran/BT-ch5.pdf
--
Rado
"Our greatest progress in science is perhaps in the
hands of men who are inclined and apt to ignore the
artificial classifications we have set up..."
Melvin Calcin,
Nobel Price in Chemistry, 1961